Cast Study Ban on Shark Fin Soup

Case Study – Banning of Shark fin soup in Jade Restaurant. The refusal of not banning shark fin soup at Jade Restaurant can affect many stakeholders. This includes the owner/shareholder, suppliers, special interest groups (SIGS), customers, and also the government. The owners and shareholders are definitely going to be affected because if the ban were to go through they would lost a portion of the profit that they would’ve earned if it weren’t for the ban. The suppliers are obviously going to be affected as well if the ban gets through, as they will not be able to supply the restaurant with shark fins, therefore their profit will go down.They would’ve lost a trade partner or maybe have to find a new one. Special interest groups, especially the pressure groups will rejoice because they have accomplished their goal in banning shark fin soup in the city. Another external stakeholder that is affected is the customers. They are partly why activists groups are b anning shark fin soup, because there are so many people buying it. Customers who originally come to Jade Restaurant for their shark fin soup will be disappointed. They may have to travel very far to eat shark fin soup and even may have to do it illegally.Lastly, the government will be affected if this ban does get through. The government is in charge of passing the law. If activist group gets enough attention and influence from the general public then the municipal government will have to act upon the public’s interest and introduce a bill. There are many conflicts that arise in this situation. For one, if the ban does not get pass and the owner decides to continue the shark fin soup business then the activist groups may lobby and give a bad name to Jade Restaurant. This may persuade customers to not eat there, even if they are not going there for shark fin soup anyway.Their name could be soiled by the media, which in this case, is spread through the activist groups. Stakehol der Map| Low Power| High Power| Low Interest| Customers| Municipal Government| High Interest| Pressure Groups| Shareholders| It would be wise to pay attention to the shareholders as they are the ones keeping the business running with their investments. Next, we should keep the government informed on such matters because we do not want the government to shut down our business. We should keep pressure groups satisfied because they are the ones who really have a voice that can influence what the general public thinks.

Crystal Jelly Fish

Crystal jellyfish The Crystal jelly fish is a very unique marine animal. Known as the crystal jellyfish its scientific name is well known to be the Aquarium Victoria. The Aquaria Victoria is a saucer shaped Hydromedusa with a well developed velum, its size ranges within five to twelve centimeters in diameter. It has eighty or more narrow unbranched radial canals witch can extend to the margin of the bell. All tentacles extend from the margin of the bell, making the slender gonads run along most of the length of the canals.Placed into a single row the tentacles are surrounded to the all around shape of the bell. The Aquaria Victoria is placed in pelagic waters in the Pacific Ocean from Vancouver, British Columbia, and Central California. There living requirements intake open waters and require temperatures between forty degrease Fahrenheit . Many Aquaria Victoria can be found swimming or floating along the shores. The population of the Aquaria Victoria is said to be unknown, because o f there four to six month life span it decreases’ the chances of finding the information.The Aquaria Victoria is budded off into hydroid colonies in the late spring. The Medusa is the first stage of its vast development. When approximately reaching three centimeters it can begin producing gametes of reproduction. The Spermatozoa and egg mature daily in the medusa. When provided much food they are spawned into the water column, settled off to fertilize they are then eventually settling out for a new hydro id colony.When reaching its growth of development to eat it intakes Crustacean, Zoo plankton core pods and crab zoeals. The natural Predators’ of the Aquaria Victoria are Voracious protozoan known as the lion mane jelly. When approached by one or more of there predators they tend to glow only to send out threats to protect themselves. The Aquaria Victoria is capable of its glow due to the (GFP) Green fluorescent protein it produces. The Aquaria Victoria only glows arou nd the margin of the umbrella.The Green Fluorescent protein is a protein that is composed of two hundred and thirty-eight amino acid that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The Green fluorescent proteins function is to become the Energy Transfer acceptor. The Aquaria Victoria flashes the blue light with a quick release of (Ca2+) witch interacts with photo protein acquiring. While it interacts, it is only brought on or let on for a short amount of time. The Aquaria Victoria is not known for harmful relations, it is known to be something unique just as any other marine animal.

Case study 2-2 Essay Example for Free (#2)

Case study 2-2 Essay Case Project 2-2 I would determine whether an investigation is required for this type of situation. I would make am initial assessment about the case that I will be investigating. Meanwhile, determining the type a design of approach for this particular case. I would then estimate the time of each step, when the check was issued and as the amount. I would ask Jonathan to interview the other individual who has access to the company’s accounting program. I would review the company computer as well as the accounting program and see if there are any significant documents; which would including the company checkbook and ledger, as well as contact the bank for the most current bank statement. Any type of information pertaining or related to that particular check, which was issued during that time. However, if cleared, then further investigation has to be done. I would examine that employee’s email for anything suspicious as well as surveillance cameras within that office. I would also study the suspects work habits as well. I would ask Jonathan to locate and itemized any details of the subcontractor’s job amounting to $10,750 and the facts of the check for the amount $12,750. I would try to find the facts of the $2,000 difference, if available by comparing bank statements, and the accounting program. I will inform him to be very watchful of any relevant information that may eventually be evidence in this type of criminal case, which could be employee theft or embezzlement. If this other person beside Jonathan is involved in this crime and not being an  accounting error, has taken place, I would recommend Jonathan to allow me to further my investigation with this company. Case study 2-2. (2016, Apr 11). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Employment-At-Will Doctrine Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Employment-At-Will Doctrine - Assignment Example The at-will employment doctrine is applied in all states in the US apart from Montana (National Conference of States and Legislatures, 2014). In its unmodified form, the doctrine of employment-at-will allows the employer to fire employees as he deems fit without suffering legal consequences. It is, therefore, possible to legally fire an employee. However, the doctrine is a default rule that can be altered by contract. For instance, a contract can provide for a fixed employment term or allow dismissal only for a cause. In the United States, companies usually negotiate employment agreements only with high-rank employees. Collective bargaining agreements usually protect represented workers against termination without cause. Causes include employee’s misconduct, poor performance or economic necessity. An employment contract may specify instances or employee actions that would result into termination for cause (National Conference of States and Legislatures, 2014). Thus, to mitigate the harsh consequences of employment-at-will, courts and statutes carved out exceptions to the doctrine of employment-at-will. Exceptions to the doctrine fall under Common Law and Statutes. Public policy exception to the employment-at-will doctrine protects employees against employment actions that contravene public interest. For instance in most states, an employer cannot fire an employee for declining to violate the law at employer’s request or for filing a workers compensation claim after sustaining an injury while on the job. Public policy is the most widely recognized exception in most states (Muhi, 2001). This is the second major exception to the employment-at-will doctrine. It is applied when an implied contract is created between the employer and the employee, irrespective of express or written instrument regarding the kind of the employment relationship existing. Although employment is usually not governed by contracts,

The Pacific Theater of World War II Research Paper

The Pacific Theater of World War II - Research Paper Example At the time, the US was not so active in world politics, but Japanese assumed US inclusion in the future. The surprise attack began on a Sunday morning on 7 December 1941, with layers of Japanese bombers and fighter aircrafts intended to destroy the Pacific Fleet in the harbor as well as US aircrafts on nearby fields. The attack destroyed three main battleships, three destroyers and one mine laying ship according to the initial reports by the Secretary of Navy. Furthermore, 72 aircrafts including bombers and fighters were destroyed along with 128 damaged. Casualties were near 2,400 which mostly included armed personnel.2 The attack achieved its objective of destroying most of the fleet and the damages bought Japanese some time to secure footholds in Pacific without interference from the US. The attack pulled US into the war and it is referred as the opening of the Pacific front. The Pearl Harbor was one of many targets across the Pacific that formed part of a very large offensive lau nched on 8 December 1941 by the Japanese. Thailand was invaded within a day and Hong Kong within three weeks. US forces stationed in Guam and the Wake Island surrendered to the ground offensive. Furthermore, Malaya was taken from the British rule within two months. This initial offensive launched on the 7 and 8 December 1941 was extremely successful campaign. The Japanese controlled the region and dominated the Pacific without major threats. The victories in Malaya as well as Thailand provided launching pads to establish air superiority in surrounding region. British battleship Prince of Wales was sunk by Japanese bombers launched from bases in Malaya. Almost a month after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese started... The Pearl Harbor was one of many targets across the Pacific that formed part of a very large offensive launched on 8 December 1941 by the Japanese. Thailand was invaded within a day and Hong Kong within three weeks. US forces stationed in Guam and the Wake Island surrendered to the ground offensive. Furthermore, Malaya was taken from the British rule within two months. This initial offensive launched on the 7 and 8 December 1941 was an extremely successful campaign. The Japanese controlled the region and dominated the Pacific without major threats. The victories in Malaya, as well as Thailand, provided launching pads to establish air superiority in surrounding region. British battleship Prince of Wales was sunk by Japanese bombers launched from bases in Malaya.Almost a month after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese started to consolidate their position by securing strategic assets in the region. Tarakan and Manado fell within days of invasion; Tarakan was rich in oil fields and a s trategic airfield, whereas Manado provided control of the Minahasa peninsula that could be used to approach Australia. In the same time period, invasion of Burma started on 15 January 1942 along with invasions for Singapore and New Guinea. British Commonwealth forces retreated from Burma and Singapore fell to Japanese in almost a month. By the first six months, Japanese controlled the Pacific from Burma in the west, Singapore in the south, New Guinea in the east and numerous islands in between.

Risk Assesment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Assesment - Essay Example Malathion is degradable and does not persist in the atmosphere for a very long time. It degrades in the air, in the soil as well as in water. It can be harmful for marine life and thus spraying in water should be avoided. It needs to be sprayed more than once for achieving the best possible results. Though malathion has many benefits associated with it the, the risks cannot be overlooked. If exposure occurs, it can lead to attacks of asthma in patients who suffer from the disease. It has also been associated with cancer in the liver. If skin contact results, it can lead to allergies and rashes as well. It can also disturb the gastrointestinal tract and affect the heart rate by either increasing it or decreasing it. Anxiety can also result and in extreme cases paralysis and coma can also be seen. The city of Genericville has a very essential role of tourism to play in maintaining the economic aspect of the city. The tourist attractions in the city are marked by virtue of the beautiful river as well as the wetlands that lie beside the river. The river and the wetlands are home to different marine as well as animal species that add to the attraction of the city. It is hence the duty of the authorities as well as its residents to take care of these natural endowments that the city possesses. The health and the well being of the tourists is as important as that of the people who reside in the city because they provide for the source of income for this city. West Nile Virus has been a subject of concern for the authorities because it has accounted for 177 deaths out of the 4269 affected cases and there are concerns that it might affect 50 people of the city and result in two deaths. Malathion has been proposed as a measure to overcome this health issue. The spread of the West Nile Virus is by means of mosquitoes and hence malathion which is an organophosphate and a pesticide spray is effective against them. West Nile Virus can result in inflaming the brain as well

Values and Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Values and Ethics - Research Paper Example My personal mission statement is: to achieve a successful career as an ‘Emergency Medical Technician’ by following my personal ethical values and the professional ethics observed in the organization and the profession as a whole. It is apparent from my mission statement that I seek to pursue a successful career on the basis of my ethical values. I attach significant importance to the ethical values as they form the foundation for a successful career or a successful organization. Along with following my own ethical values through my career, I would also follow the ethical values observed in the profession as a whole and in the organization that I would be a part of. Ethical values hold a very important role in the success of an organization therefore in my career I would opt for organizations that hold strong ethical values and the ethical values that are appropriate in conformity with the overall profession. My personal ethical values that would guide me as a future manager include; professional behavior, objectivity, integrity, accountability, innovativeness, cooperation, encouragement, fairness, equality, and confidentiality. Professional behavior would help me put my best efforts in my career by working sincerely. Professional behavior would also help me conduct the tasks in my professional capacity in a better way. Objectivity means having an unprejudiced opinion and not being biased while making a professional decision. As a manager, objectivity would help me make decisions that are best for the organization as a whole and I would not be influenced by any factors that may impair my objectivity. Integrity would help me conduct my job without any immoral or fraudulent acts. Accountability means being responsible for all the acts conducted in the professional capacity. Due to accountability, I would be responsible for my acts as a manager. Because of being responsible, I would try to conduct my tasks in the best way possible. Therefore, accountability

Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Papers - Essay Example The payment gateway used at the time of completion of an online transaction normally involves World Wide Web and some times even wider range of technologies. There are a few transactions for which there is no need of any physical labor like access to premium contents on a web site, being a paid member of some of the web group or library, transferring money from one bank account to another but most of the other transactions include transportation of goods in at least some way. Interesting terms like e-tail or e-tailer are used to define online retailers these days. Almost every bid retailer has a presence on the internet and even the websites comparing prices of same product that available online from different vendors are present for the ease and comfort of the consumer. Referred to as business-to-business or B2B and the other that is conducted between business and a consumer also called Business-to-consumer or B2C. In a B2B, there can be predefined business parties or arbitrary parties involved over the internet whereas B2C is primarily practiced The National Privacy Policy for Australia says that any organization must not collect data until and unless it is important for the smooth functioning of the organization. Ebay appears to be following most of the underlying principles of national privacy policy for the country including Use and Disclosure, Data Quality, Data Security, Access and Correction etc. but I felt that there are a few fields which may not be essential for the smooth functioning of the organization and thus therefore not in accordance with the privacy policy. For example a phone number is one such field that you need to enter while creation of the account on eBay and that you need to verify. If a person chooses not to verify his phone number then he is required to verify his credit card which is even more sensitive

What is the problem with immigration, and how do we solve it Essay

What is the problem with immigration, and how do we solve it - Essay Example Economists and sociologists concur and disagree with this remark. This essay will look at what analysts have established and will attempt to work out the consequence that immigration has posed on the standards of livelihood of the workers in the U.S. Immigration is a diverse topic, although it could be assorted into two incredibly different components, lawful and unlawful immigration which will be mutually tackled in this report. The US has been portrayed as a melting pot due to the multiplicity that is found in the nation. Conversely, in instances when resources are scarce and the economy is stressed, immigration emerges as a debate of main concern (Brooks, 34). Being such extremely significant topic immigration has followers and opponents mutually having legitimate positions and concerns. To put into perception the manner in which the US has diversified is the fact that few data extend a long way. Presently, 12 percent of US’ inhabitants are overseas born and this guide has risen from 8 percent in 1990. Every year adding up together to the present inhabitants, which some might dispute is in fact overpopulation; somewhere from 700,000 to 900,000 citizens immigrate lawfully per year. In addition, it is probable that 500,0 00 additional people immigrate unlawfully annually. Individuals immigrate to the US from every place around the globe but the heavy bulk of immigrants in current years emerge from Latin America. Numerous economists have completed quantitative investigations to settle on the impact that immigration raise to put it on the natives’ level of comfort. Economists on either side of the coin or issue have not agreed on whether the effect on natives is optimistic or unenthusiastic even when they employ the identical information to support their position. Settlers can be perceived as â€Å"harmonizers† or â€Å"substitutes† to the actual citizens. As â€Å"harmonizers† to every other, citizens and immigrants do not fight for the identical jobs.

Management Approach to Trade Unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management Approach to Trade Unions - Essay Example The reverse of this, is what certainly applies to trade unions without a stronghold of labour law or with a lack of support by such law. Distinguishing between two different models of corporate governance is now commonplace in terms of understanding management approaches to trade unions. One is the shareholder, in which the primary goal is maximization of shareholder value and only shareholders are privileged to have a strong formalized links with top management. Another is the stakeholder model in which a variety of firm constituencies (employees, suppliers, and customers) has interests that are balanced against each other in decision-making and enjoy 'voice.'1 How trade unions are viewed by management also varies according to country, alongside the extent of their influence on the organization and its decision-making and policies. With all these contentions, this paper aims to ascertain in which ways and why management approach to trade unions differ across counties, which purports to be answered with reference to two countries, particularly the United States and the Philippines. Trade unions are the principal institutions of workers in modern capitalist societies, and are referred to as collective organizations of workers with diverse interests.2 Since the days of Adam Smith, economists and other social scientists, labour unionists, and business owners have been debating the social effects of trade unionism. Many economists view it as a monopoly in the labour market whose primary impact is the increase of wages of members at the expense of the non-members and the effective management of the organization. There were frequent complaints from managers about inflexible operations and work disruptions of firms due to unions, and some social critics have painted trade unionism as socially unresponsive, elitist, and crime-riddled institutions,3 which must not be held on to by desperate workers. The other side of the contention holds that unions bear beneficial economic and political effects, stressing the significant ways in which collective bargaining agreements can pursue improved productivity and better management. Trade unionists note that unionism has the capacity to increase the retention and development of skills of the workers, improve morale, provide information on the goings-on in the shop floor, and pressure management for better efficiency in its operations.4 Besides increasing wages, trade unions provide workers with protection against unfair working conditions and arbitrary management decisions at the expense of the workers. Consequently, the presence of trade unionism in organizations gives a louder voice to the workers and enables them to pursue their demands on the management with a unified and louder voice. However, the negative view of trade unions has increased dominantly during the past thirty years.5 Several right and left advocates, while notable exceptions are considered, doubt the value and social relevance of America's organized labour movement.6 Economists have been indulged in quantifying the economic effects of collective bargaining, focusing almost exclusively on the monopoly wage impact of unions.7 Management Approach to Trade Unions in the United States Much of the seminal work on the concept of

Reverdie Recitation Essay Example for Free

Reverdie Recitation Essay I wanted to recite this poem to my father in father’s day last Sunday and I did it. Before I started memorizing the poem, I wanted to understand it very well. At the beginning, it cost me a little bit to understand the meaning of all those words and the poem in general, but after I read the poem a few times I could finally understand the meaning of the poem and what was the author trying to say. After I understood the poem, I started memorizing it. It cost me a few hours because this is the first time that I am reading books related to English literature, so all those words are phrases are totally new to me. Also, it took me while to memorize the poem because some of the lines had some words that do not make sense when they are written in the same phrase or sentence. After, I memorized all the poem and I understood word by word, I started practicing in front of the mirror and when I had nothing to do, because I really wanted to impress my father by reciting this in poem in his day. When I was reciting this poem, my father was making like a funny face because he did not understand a word of what I was saying. Before I started reciting the poem, I did not tell him that the poem was going to be with old English words, so he was not like prepared for a poem like this one. After, I recited the poem one more time, I tried to explain him the meaning of this poem, but after I explained it to him a few more times he could finally understood it. Also, I talked to him about Chaucer and the tales, so he could have a better idea of the context of the poem. I think that he really understood the poem when I explained to him from when the poem was and who the author was. This type of experience was new to me because this was my first reciting a poem like this. Also, I do not remember when was the last time that I recited a poem in front of my father, so I remembered the good times that I had when I was in high school. In overall, this was a good experience for me because I enjoyed memorizing it, even though it was difficult, but at the end it was worth it because my father liked it very much.

Grolsch Company Essay Example for Free

Grolsch Company Essay 1. Yes, several of the major players have been actively engaging in mergers and acquisitions, leading to a more concentrated market with larger market shares for the leading firms. 2. There is not a clear leader which absolutely dominates the industry. While Heineken is the leader in the international market, Bud (Light) leads total volume. There is also no core, the leading companies in international and total volume markets differ from each other. 3. In its process of expansion, Grolsch has engaged in both cooperation with local brewers, and direct shipping from domestic factories, depending on the markets demand. For markets such as the USA that valued originality, direct shipping was used. For others that did not hold an emphasis on this, joint venture options were explored to cut costs. 4. No, standardization is not increasing. Majority of Grolsch’s sales come from its Grolsch Premium Lager, with other variations such as Amsterdam beers. Packaging was not standardized around the globe, products shipped to different markets had country-specific labels. Grolsch is also priced differently in various markets, priced at a higher price in its domestic market. 5. It implies that minimum target should be to further enhance operations, increasing production and distribution efficiencies to achieve cost reduction in order to remain profitable. 6. Variation is quite large on cross-country markets. Grolsch is priced as a premium brand in non-domestic market and a mid range standard product in the Netherlands for Grolsch Premium Lager. Also, the different products offered in different regions also make them differ in profitability. For example, the home market that accounted for roughly 50% of sales in volume generated 65% of revenues with even higher EBIT. 7. Profits are most tightly linked with volume, with national sales as it is the most profitable providing the highest EBIT and lowest distribution costs. International sales have shown to be slightly less profitable but still important in overall profitability. 8. Price-sensitivity for beer is relatively low, with many competitors in the market so distribution on economic profits should lean more towards suppliers and complementors. 9. Labor took up approximately 15% of revenues compared to 4% to 6% on advertising. Hence, the industry Grolsch is in is most likely labor-intensive.

Gender stereotypes and perceptions in society

Gender stereotypes and perceptions in society Stereotype refers to the cognition aspect of feeling towards a given group of people. It is the picture that most people engulf in their minds about other people. However the picture painted by people with regard to other people is not necessarily a true depiction of the reality. Stereotypes hold the fixed view that people of a certain community or group exhibit specific character traits, which influence their behavior in general. Stereotypes as regards gender, refer to certain traits presumably adhered to males and females in the society, that define and distinguish these genders. According to Mynhardt, the two genders (males and females) portray traits which are both negative and positive. Gender stereotypes have far reaching consequences and cannot be taken only on face value. The issue of gender stereotyping is deeply entrenched in our society, that it has gone to an extent of defining the status of people and the positions people hold depending on gender. For instance, the chara cter traits associated with women are regarded to be unfit for positions of a higher stature. This kind of attitude is not new even in the developed world. For instance at the height of campaigns in the United States, there were numerous debates on and off the media on whether America was ready for a woman president. This certainly illustrates the biased perceptions that more often than not prevent women from reaching the positions at the highest level, simply because of the gender. There are certain aspects of everyday life that are traditionally attributed to males and females in the society. The manner in which the men and women carry themselves around is fundamental to the definition and distinction of gender in general. There are acts both of omission and commission that are associated with each gender. However as days go by, the society undergoes transformation and so do the traditions and cultures that shape and influence the society as whole. In the family set up for example, the different roles are distributed depending on gender. There are also perceptions relating to the behavior of people that distinguish what are expected and what is not expected from people of a given gender. For example sensitivity, dependence and expression of emotions are considered feminine in nature. The men on the other hand are expected to exhibit traits such are bravery, independence, assertiveness and none of those traits that are associated with the women. However these c ultures that build perceptions continue to fade with each passing day. As a result, there are many incidences of deviation from gender roles prescribed by society. The violation of these gender role stereotypes are accompanied by consequences largely due to the perceptions held by the society. Violation of gender role stereotypes The reception to those who deviate from the normal traits associated to their respective genders is no bed of Roses. The manner in which the violators are treated is no doubt unfavorable in most aspects. The reception however differs depending on the environmental set up and more so whether the person is male or female. In the event that males and females deviate from the roles prescribed by society as regards their gender, the males are more likely to receive a hostile reception. The women on the other hand, will most likely receive little attention. This all has to do with the issue of status in social aspects. There is the general perception that the masculine traits occupy a higher stature than feminine traits. Looking at the issue of sexual orientation, for woman behaving in a masculine way, it does not raise eyebrows, however if a man were to behave like a woman, this will no doubt be a big deal. The man will most certainly be referred to as a homosexual. In the work place howe ver it is the women on the receiving end in the event of deviation. A woman who is charge of a given organization will most likely receive an unfavorable evaluation compared to a man, if she acts in a manner that violates the perceived traits of women and takes the route of a leader which is authority and commanding results in the work place. Social perception of males and females who violate gender role stereotypes There are numerous perceptions as regards the question of gender role violation. However according to Sirin, Selcuk R., McCreary, Donald R., Mahalik, and James R. authors of the journal of menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s studies, the notable social perceptions revolve around social status, sexual orientation and the dissimilarity of value. The perceptions exhibited are most of the time firmly in the grip of culture and are subsequently fuelled and driven by the traditions of the people in the society. The issue of culture and tradition set aside, expectations also play a significant role. There is a general expectation from both genders on the manner in which the other gender should behave. One thing cut across the divide and this is the fact that women anchor the expectation that men should display masculinity. The same is anticipated by men who are of the view that women should be feminine. Any sort of trait that does not meet the above expectations, it is considered a violation of gender r ole stereotype, which is accompanied by negative perceptions. For a long time, gender has maintained a significant influence in the manner in which people conduct themselves in the society. The issue of status as regards the males and the females is what dictates the way in which males and females are regarded in the event that they violate the prescribed code of conduct that is attributed to their respective genders. According to Feinman, in relation to the social status model, he writes that the men have a status that is superior to that of women. Going by the model on social status, then men will more often than not face an unfavorable evaluation, should they violate the prescribed code of conduct for their gender this is because, the violation means that they lose class when they deviate from a status of a higher nature to a status that is low. For women whenever they deviate from perceived traits are assumed to be transforming from a lower status to a higher status. Hence the social perception with regard to the violation of gender role st ereotypes is positive to a large extent. This is no doubt something that is rife in the society, as a matter of common societal law, to whom much is given a lot, is expected. For instance woman who dresses and behaves like a man will most likely go unnoticed or may even command respect from people around. This however is not the case in men. A man who dresses and behaves like a woman will most likely be despised. To a large extent this is all attributed to the distinction of the social status between the men and women. According to Feinman the male role is more valuable than that of the female. He further writes that it is acceptable for women to adopt the roles of men rather than men take up the roles of women. Violation of the gender role stereotype has consequences for both the males and the females. However there is no denying the fact that, the reception received by the males as regards their transgressions is more hostile compared to the women. If anything the women may in some instances be perceived in a positive way. The issue of desire is the other frontier for the perceptions of gender stereotypes. According to Sadalla, Kenrick, and Vershure (1987), men who show traits of not being dominant are deemed to be undesirable. This perception is however not just directly related only to the dominance aspects, but to all traits in general. There is the general perception that, men who exhibit traits that are a deviation from the known male traits are not desirable especially from the womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view. The other perception that is anchored in the minds of the people is the issue of respect in the society. This directly affects men in a negative way and does not have any negative impact on women who violate the gender role stereotype. It is perceived that, men who deviate from the normal societal norms loose respect from their peers and even the society in general. For women on the contrary, the perception is that, they will command respect and admiration from their peers in the event that they deviate from the prescribed societal code for the female gender. The perceptions on women who violate the gender role stereotype is not at all constant, it keeps changing depending on the environmental set up. For the men however, the perceptions when they deviate from the gender role stereotype are the same and fixed, at no time will the transgression committed by men receive a positive evaluation. Conclusion The gender stereotypes and overall stereotyping continues to not only shape but also influence the behavior of all people regardless of the environmental setup. As illustrated above, the burden to conform to societal norms associated with gender is more often than not rested on men to shoulder it. This is not to say that women do shoulder any negative perceptions, the women too have their fair share of tribulations that arise from the gender role stereotype. Even so, regardless of the environmental set up, the perception is that the men will always get a hostile reception when they violate the gender role stereotypes compared to women.

Dragons Legacy :: essays research papers

Foreword In the days of the Ancients there was a race like no other, for they were blessed with a unique gift of being able to speak and understand Dragon Tongue. Rumors spread about these magical folk, penetrating right into the heart of the Evil Lord’s great fortress in the Dark Lands. Evil Lord Malus Dominus heard of this race, and he became worried. All knew that dragons were a superior race that could be only be defeated by immortals. They were the strongest creatures alive. If these folk were to forge an alliance with the dragons he would surely perish. Before dawn the next day, he had summoned his undead warriors. They had destroyed the race before daybreak †¦ well that’s what they thought. A few hours later some traders passed by the spot where the village had been and they heard a noise. When they went to investigate they found a child wrapped in a silk sheet just barely alive. So they took the child and raised it as one of there own never knowing its secret. Chapter 1 – The Truth Realized The merchant’s son Dazhrej was the finest archer in the Princedom of Vellant’im. His father Rovnir went to the inn every night and gloated. The bandit had slain the guards surrounding the treasury and made off with the loot. If Dazhrej had not had to fetch some more silk for his father he would not have seen the bandit making off with the Prince’s treasure covered in the blood of the Prince’s royal guards. Dazhrej yelled for the man to stop. The bandit obliged, turned around and went for his barbed throwing knife. Before he had a chance to throw it he had an arrow in his arm pinning it to a tree. Before the fellow had a chance to take in the damage he had another arrow right between his eyes. The Prince thanked Dazhrej for recovering his treasure and rewarded Dazhrej by offering to foster him until knighthood. Dazhrej gladly accepted†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Three years later Dazhrej now excelled in swordplay, knife fighting and magic. â€Å"Dazhrej, have the horses been readied?† asked Prince Ronan. â€Å"Yes, your highness,† Dazhrej replied. â€Å"We leave at sunrise,† the Prince said. â€Å"Ah, Prince Ronan, where are we going?† Dazhrej asked with curiosity. â€Å"The Grand Congregation of course,† replied Prince Ronan. â€Å"Every Prince is going to be there. It’s where we draw up the trade laws, permits and settle disputes between the Princedoms.† â€Å"Oh. Why did you not go last year or the year before?

The Enlightenment Period and Napoleons Rule Essay -- European History

The time of the Enlightenment was a time of great change, reform, and the emergence of great minds such as Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, and even Copernicus. These men cleared the path to thinking in a new way and brought about the change necessary for the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment allowed people to think more critically and even was the time in which the â€Å"Experimental Method† was consolidated by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642, Buckler, J., Crowston, p.592 para. 6). It allowed people to begin to think â€Å"out of the box† if you will. Monarchies and the power of the king before this time ruled over the general population unthreatened and very rarely did opposition come to stand. Quite often if opposition did stand it was shortly met with a quick disbanding, or even the death of the â€Å"heretic† that created the uprising. Napoleon was a good example; he did not stand for freedom of speech and quite often worked to regulate publ ic opinion. However, with the Enlightenment around the corner, it helped to pave the way and prepare the country of France for the French Revolution. Commoners, as well as the clergy, and nobility began to stand up more against monarchical rule, and voiced their opinions on controversial subjects. With the emergence of Napoleon Bonaparte the future of France seemed to be a dictatorship under his rule inevitably. The French Revolution was a time also of great change. The hopes of the people were moving from an absolutist monarchy to a hopeful constitutional rule by the peoples, with the help of the Estates General which had not been called upon since 1614 (Buckler, J., Crowston. P.689, para. 3). In July, of 1788 King Louis XVI listened to his people and called a spring sessions of the est... ...lution by commanding the states as emperor. Although he did solve many economic crises, won many victories in strategic battles, and helped progress equal rights among citizens, he did not uphold the most important ideal of the French Revolution which was to be more about a people governed constitution not a dictatorship under Napoleon. In Conclusion, Napoleon was a very charismatic leader, and did many great things for France. As an emperor he was more than well liked and was probably one of the most intriguing individuals of his time, he was a brilliant strategic thinker, and got what he aimed at done generally. However, his over ambitious thoughts led to his downfall at the battle of Waterloo in which the allies of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain defeated him and imprisoned him on the island of St. Helena far off the western coast of Africa.

Americans Need More Vacation Time :: Argumentative Essays

â€Å"I really need a vacation!† Is there a more common phrase in the workplace in America today? I’m sure all of us had uttered that phrase at least once in the last 12 months. Americans are so vacation-deprived, then why is it that almost a third of the American working adults are giving up some earned vacation this year, and when they do go on vacation they still do some work by checking in with office communications, according to a Harris Interactive vacation-related poll? The following table below indicates that the U.S. ranks 10th in term of average number of vacation days around the world per year, with the average of just 13 days per year compared to the United Kingdom’s 28, and Italy’s 42 days per year. Even the average worker in Japan – where the term karoshi, which means â€Å"death by overwork†, was coined gets five weeks of annual paid vacation. Average Number of Vacation Days Around the World Per Year Italy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  42 days France  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  37 days Germany  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  35 days Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  34 days United Kingdom  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28 days Canada  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26 days Korea  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 days Japan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 days U.S.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 days Source: World Tourism Organization (WTO). We like to think that we’ve got the world’s highest standard of living with the per capita GDP of $37,800, 3rd highest in the world , and yet, we are the only industrialized nation that refuses to mandate vacation for workers in the private sector. And if you think we are making the most of those precious few days that we get, you couldn’t be more wrong. According to a study conducted in May 2004 by Harris Interactive, the average American planned not to use three of his or her vacation days this year, up from two days last year. The study also found that nearly 40 percent American said they had canceled or postponed vacations due to work. So what’s the matter with us?

The 3 piglets

Three little pigs story and movie In the movie of the three little pigs there were very much similarities from the book to the movie. In the book the three little pigs they all had tried to build different types of houses and they also did in the movie. In the book and the movie neither of the piglets had friends. Also the book and the movie both had the wolf in it.The wolf was quite clever and persuading towards the piglets in both the movie and the story. The wolf also say his famous line in the movie that he says in the book â€Å"If you do not open this door I will huff and puff and blow your house down†. Between the movie and the book there were plenty of differences. The piglets had different names in the movie as well. The setting was even different. The setting of the movie took place in â€Å"Camp Peggy† and the setting off the book was in the woods.The first pig name was Emerald Sucker-pork she was very wealthy and she did not ave many friends because she had whatever every other piglet had but twice as much. It is safe to say that she was spoiled. The second piglet was named Barbecue. She was a model who had gotten too skinny because she taken more baths than the usual pig. The third pig name was breadcrumb. Breadcrumb was Vietnamese she had no family and she was homeless but something she did have was a good personality. She also knew tikwan pig dow.In the movie they also built their houses ifferent. The 1st pig built her house made of pearls and diamonds but in the book the 1st pig built her house out of hay. In the movie the 2nd pig built her house of cookies, cakes and candy. However in the book the 2nd piglet built her house out of sticks but the 3rd piglets both built there house out of bricks. I think that the third piglets was the smartest. My conclusion is that even though they had many differences the concept was the same it was Just told in a different way.

Norwegian Wood by The Beatles: Song Analysis

The song opens with a sweepingly catchy acoustic melody that seamlessly evokes sense of nostalgic longing. This feeling of sadness and reflection permeates throughout the piece. While the arrangement is actually quite complex, the music appears stripped down to the casual listener; the song is centered around a mall lick performed simultaneously on acoustic guitar and sitar, which Is Introduced at the beginning and decidedly does not evolve into anything beyond this. The simplistic structure brings to mind a sensation of loneliness, which is heightened by Lemon's yearning vocals.The soothing melody can be described as dreamlike, and the petition is used to almost hypnotic effect, succeeding in ministering the concentrated listener into a peaceful, contemplative daze. The short length of the song Is somewhat Jarring (It ends just after two minutes) because Just as the listener has been subdued by the Infectious melody, they are abandoned by It just as quickly. It feels as though there should be more; as if there is something missing. I would argue, however, that this is exactly the effect The Battles intended, as it adds to the ambiguous nature of the song. The production of the song, courtesy of GeorgeMartin, succeeds in bringing the contagious melody to the forefront of the experience, all the while allowing the rest of the Instruments sufficient clarity. Ambiguity Is also achieved through the song's lyrics, which describe a seemingly clandestine love affair between Lennox and an unnamed woman. The song opens with the line: â€Å"I once had a girl, or should I say, she once had me†, suggesting that not only is the relationship mysterious to the listener, but also inconclusive to the man involved in it. The lyrics continue to outline a strained evening of the couple talking, ranking wine, and eventually going to bed in separate rooms.Much speculation has been made as to what the song Is actually about, especially the final lines; â€Å"And when I awoke, I was alone, this bird had flown / So 1 11th a fire, Isn't It good, Norwegian wood. † Some believe that the fire being lit is a joint of marijuana, or that the man burns the house down after the woman makes him sleep in the bath. In The Battles Anthology, Lennox says of the lyrics: ‘Norwegian Wood' was about an affair I was having. I was very careful and paranoid because I didn't want my wife, CCNY, to know that there really was something owing on outside the household.I'd always had some kind of affairs going, so I was trying to De sophisticated In writing auto an tall, out In sun a smokescreen way that you couldn't tell. (196) Like many of The Battles' innovations in sound, the incorporation of the sitar came from spontaneous experimentation. In The Battles Anthology, George Harrison recalls: I went and bought a sitar from a little shop at the top of Oxford Street called Antiaircraft – it stocked little carvings, and incense. It was a real crummy-quality one, a ctually, but I bought it and mucked around with it a bit.Anyway;ay, we were at the mint where we'd recorded the ‘Norwegian Wood' backing track (twelve-string and six- string acoustic, bass and drums) and it needed something. We would usually start looking through the cupboard to see if we could come up with something, a new sound, and I picked the sitar up – it was Just lying around; I hadn't really figured out what to do with it. It was quite spontaneous: I found the notes that played the lick. It fitted and it worked. (196) â€Å"Norwegian Wood† is the second track on Rubber Soul, following the upbeat â€Å"Drive My Car† and is followed by the also light-hearted muff Won't See Me†.

Morality and Ethicality of Using Sexual Advertising Essay

The development of technology made the role of advertising very crucial with the use of televisions, radios, magazines, posters and the internet. The main objective of a marketer is to increase the number of customers or the use of his customers for a product or service. In modern marketing sexual appeal has become the number one strategy in advertising. In fact, it was one of the greatest accepted techniques in marketing worldwide because it proved that it reaches customers in a great way. Especially when it comes to certain products such as cigarettes, jewelry, perfumes, cosmetics, candy, liquor and fashion goods. Since those products are mainly image-based and the use of sex appeal, sexy illustrations, and sex in general, in advertising can big effects on several elements of an advertising and buyer behavior model. The effects may be positive but if it weren’t used in the proper way it might carry on many severe negative effects. Marketers are trying to captivate people’s minds and attract them by putting for example sexy models or revealing clothes and moreover, they are positioning their brand as sexual and that the customers will have sex related benefit if they buy their product or service. A big number of people might deny the effect of these sexually oriented advertisements on them claiming that its’ not the reason why they buy a product or service. However, indirectly whether they accept this product or not they are talking about the advertisement or thinking about it in their unconscious which sheds lights on it. Especially the teen segment which are from 13 till 18 year olds they are affected by this method of advertising in a great way. Thus, there are many ethical questions associated with this strategy because its’ becoming obviously clear how sex is being used to target teens. Aims: This research attempts to shed the light on advertising companies and the way they are using sexual methods order to attract teenagers into buying their products. We are going to discuss in detail its effectiveness on teenagers positively and negatively and the ethicality of such approach. questions: 1-what are the sexual methods used by marketers to reach teen customers? 2-what are the negative and positive effects of sex appeal in advertisement? 3- why teens are the target audience for these advertisements? 4- is it against the law and regulation of adv to present a product in a sexual way? When conducting this market study, we will be using two types of research designs, exploratory as well as descriptive in order to answer the research questions and develop the conclusion. At the first place, we begin our study by an exploratory research design; its purpose is to further understand the subject. It involves an interview with marketers or unethical Ads creators, this interview will be presented by informal questionnaires that are a guide to the types of questions to be asked, however, the respondents were given the flexibility to add or explain further issues if needed. As for the descriptive research that will be conducted later on in the research, it involves a bunch of questionnaires with multiple choice answers that improve the quality and accuracy of these questionnaires, which will be tested on a number of teen respondents. And since in this research we are studying teen’s attitudes and perceptions towards unethical advertisements then our studies and collecting data will be based on qualitative research. Human evolutions open the opportunity for advertising to use sex as a way to be more attractive and efficient. Advertising is being smart so that it plays on man’s instinct to seek success and leaves theoretical and practical implications behind it. Let us remember that the major part of men is concerned in women’s beauty throughout her body. Thus, women’s body is considered to be an important tool that advertising uses to let men express interest. In addition, using women’s bodies is shown to be the easiest way to get men’s attention and advertising is trying to get advantages by doing so. Taking the other gender, it not that easy to take the attention of a woman because women regardless its instinct view of the world is an intellectual person as much as sometimes can control its instinct.

Les Miserables Essay

In Victor Hugo’s novel Les Miserable’s, one character plays a part in each of the other character’s lives. Cosette, a little girl, is created to develop the rest of the â€Å"miserables† throughout the book. Fantine, Cosette’s mother, digs herself into the shameless lifestyle of prostitution and poverty, while trying to support Cosette. The Thenardiers become her home while her mother leaves in search for work. There, Cosette is used to clean and work. Through Cosette, the Thenardier’s are shown as they beat and punish Cosette, their â€Å"slave†. Jean Valjean uses Cosette in a different way.He takes her in as his â€Å"daughter† and finds companionship through her. Cosette is loved and cared for. As Cosette’s character develops she is passed along from a pitiful mother who cannot support her; to the Thenardier’s who beat and starve her; then, to Jean Valjean who takes Cosette in where she becomes his everything. F antine, desperately in love with a man, Felix Tholomyes, whose feelings vary from hers, and yet she bears his child despite his fickle appearance. The illegitimate child, Cosette, is the outcome of her dying love toward him.Cosette is used to show Fantine as a â€Å"miserable. † Fantine leaves Cosette with the Thenardier’s and goes in search for a job to support Cosette. As Cosette’s character grows, she reveals how pitiful Fantine becomes. Fantine’s devotion for Cosette, a little girl who is too young to give anything back in return, exposes us to one of the themes being forced to consider throughout the book, unrequited love. â€Å"My child in not cold anymore, I dressed her in my hair. † Fantine does everything she can to work for money to support Cosette. She sacrifices her hair so that Cosette will have clothes.Without Cosette Fantine could live her life for herself. She puts all her effort into a child that she does not see and which the chil d does not know who she is. The child, Cosette, is a symbol of all the love and everything Fantine put into a man who gave her nothing back. Cosette’s character is used merely to show Fantine as she goes through life and through each step as she puts something into someone else, how â€Å"miserable† she becomes. As the Thenardier’s continue to send Fantine bills for Cosette’s deceptive needs, Fantine continues to find ways to get that money.She goes to every extent go the money they claim to need for Cosette. Fantine sells everything she has, and when she had nothing she sells herself. She becomes a prostitute as an alternative to earn money. The Thenardier’s use Cosette to get money from Fantine as needed. Fantine, being weak and trusting, does not know of their plans and her love for Cosette lets her fall into their scheme. The Thenardier’s take in Cosette because Fantine can’t take care of her and work at the same time. As Cosette gets older she becomes useful to the Thenardier’s.Her innocent childhood is taken away from her and she is treated like a slave. Cosette is used to clean and work around the house making stockings and other necessary things. Cosette’s character and the way she is treated show the Thenardier’s authority. The way that the two daughters of the Thenardier’s won’t play with Cosette reveals the superiority the daughters claim to have over Cosette. Cosette is different; she is small and skinny, for she doesn’t get fed as well; she is dirty and her clothes have holes, for doesn’t have the privilege of getting a bath; and she is used as help and treated as a slave.This shows the boundary that was put up between Cosette and the Thenardier girls. Cosette isn’t loved or cared for-only used. Her role plays into the plot of the book; after being beat and tortured by the evil Thenardier’s, it’s time for Cosette to be saved. Jean Valjean comes just in time to take Cosette away from these awful people. Cosette play an important role in the life of Jean Valjean. After being imprisoned for nineteen years and accused of many other crimes, Jean Valjean can’t find it in him to love or trust another human. Cosette changes that for him.When Jean Valjean first goes to the Thenardier’s and notices poor Cosette working away at knitting stockings while the other children play he connects with her. Jean Valjean then buys the stockings she is knitting and gives her permission to play. Cosette is shocked for she is never allowed to play, and Jean Valjean finds joy in watching this little girl content. When Jean Valjean takes Cosette from the Thenardiers, she becomes his â€Å"daughter. † Jean Valjean grows very attached to Cosette and learns to love and care for her. Cosette is used to show that a man in prison can change.Jean Valjean changes once Cosette enters his life. His actions become revolved a round the safety and happiness of her. Jean Valjean existence is centered on Cosette. As her character is developed with him, Jean Valjean’s outgoing love for others is revealed. Having Cosette in Jean Valjean’s life, it exposes us to a changed side of him. Through, Cosette, it is showed that a man in prison can become a good man. After adopting Cosette, taking her in, loving and caring for her, Jean Valjean and Cosette’s relationship shows what a good man he has become.Cosette becomes Jean Valjean’s entity. He puts everything into her happiness. She symbolizes all he has. When she falls in love with Marius and leaves him, he has nothing. Jean Valjean’s reason for living dies and so does he. Cosette’s character moves around many times throughout the novel. She spends a portion of the book with her mother, Fantine, who could not take care of her. Cosette becomes the object of Fantine’s poverty. Their relationship also exposes us to the theme of the unfulfilled love, since Cosette cannot return Fantine’s love at such a young age.Cosette then goes to the Thenardier’s where she presents us to this evil family who beat and abuse her. When Jean Valjean takes her in, Cosette reveals a side of Jean Valjean that has not yet been exposed- his loving side. Jean Valjean loves Cosette and supports and protects her. Cosette is used in many ways throughout the novel and by many different characters. Although she never becomes a well-rounded character, she plays an important role in the development of the other characters. Cosette touches each character she comes in contact with and each in a distinct way. Les Miserables Essay In Victor Hugo’s novel Les Miserable’s, one character plays a part in each of the other character’s lives. Cosette, a little girl, is created to develop the rest of the â€Å"miserables† throughout the book. Fantine, Cosette’s mother, digs herself into the shameless lifestyle of prostitution and poverty, while trying to support Cosette. The Thenardiers become her home while her mother leaves in search for work. There, Cosette is used to clean and work. Through Cosette, the Thenardier’s are shown as they beat and punish Cosette, their â€Å"slave†. Jean Valjean uses Cosette in a different way.He takes her in as his â€Å"daughter† and finds companionship through her. Cosette is loved and cared for. As Cosette’s character develops she is passed along from a pitiful mother who cannot support her; to the Thenardier’s who beat and starve her; then, to Jean Valjean who takes Cosette in where she becomes his everything. F antine, desperately in love with a man, Felix Tholomyes, whose feelings vary from hers, and yet she bears his child despite his fickle appearance. The illegitimate child, Cosette, is the outcome of her dying love toward him.Cosette is used to show Fantine as a â€Å"miserable. † Fantine leaves Cosette with the Thenardier’s and goes in search for a job to support Cosette. As Cosette’s character grows, she reveals how pitiful Fantine becomes. Fantine’s devotion for Cosette, a little girl who is too young to give anything back in return, exposes us to one of the themes being forced to consider throughout the book, unrequited love. â€Å"My child in not cold anymore, I dressed her in my hair. † Fantine does everything she can to work for money to support Cosette. She sacrifices her hair so that Cosette will have clothes.Without Cosette Fantine could live her life for herself. She puts all her effort into a child that she does not see and which the chil d does not know who she is. The child, Cosette, is a symbol of all the love and everything Fantine put into a man who gave her nothing back. Cosette’s character is used merely to show Fantine as she goes through life and through each step as she puts something into someone else, how â€Å"miserable† she becomes. As the Thenardier’s continue to send Fantine bills for Cosette’s deceptive needs, Fantine continues to find ways to get that money.She goes to every extent go the money they claim to need for Cosette. Fantine sells everything she has, and when she had nothing she sells herself. She becomes a prostitute as an alternative to earn money. The Thenardier’s use Cosette to get money from Fantine as needed. Fantine, being weak and trusting, does not know of their plans and her love for Cosette lets her fall into their scheme. The Thenardier’s take in Cosette because Fantine can’t take care of her and work at the same time. As Cosette gets older she becomes useful to the Thenardier’s.Her innocent childhood is taken away from her and she is treated like a slave. Cosette is used to clean and work around the house making stockings and other necessary things. Cosette’s character and the way she is treated show the Thenardier’s authority. The way that the two daughters of the Thenardier’s won’t play with Cosette reveals the superiority the daughters claim to have over Cosette. Cosette is different; she is small and skinny, for she doesn’t get fed as well; she is dirty and her clothes have holes, for doesn’t have the privilege of getting a bath; and she is used as help and treated as a slave.This shows the boundary that was put up between Cosette and the Thenardier girls. Cosette isn’t loved or cared for-only used. Her role plays into the plot of the book; after being beat and tortured by the evil Thenardier’s, it’s time for Cosette to be saved. Jean Valjean comes just in time to take Cosette away from these awful people. Cosette play an important role in the life of Jean Valjean. After being imprisoned for nineteen years and accused of many other crimes, Jean Valjean can’t find it in him to love or trust another human. Cosette changes that for him.When Jean Valjean first goes to the Thenardier’s and notices poor Cosette working away at knitting stockings while the other children play he connects with her. Jean Valjean then buys the stockings she is knitting and gives her permission to play. Cosette is shocked for she is never allowed to play, and Jean Valjean finds joy in watching this little girl content. When Jean Valjean takes Cosette from the Thenardiers, she becomes his â€Å"daughter. † Jean Valjean grows very attached to Cosette and learns to love and care for her. Cosette is used to show that a man in prison can change.Jean Valjean changes once Cosette enters his life. His actions become revolved a round the safety and happiness of her. Jean Valjean existence is centered on Cosette. As her character is developed with him, Jean Valjean’s outgoing love for others is revealed. Having Cosette in Jean Valjean’s life, it exposes us to a changed side of him. Through, Cosette, it is showed that a man in prison can become a good man. After adopting Cosette, taking her in, loving and caring for her, Jean Valjean and Cosette’s relationship shows what a good man he has become.Cosette becomes Jean Valjean’s entity. He puts everything into her happiness. She symbolizes all he has. When she falls in love with Marius and leaves him, he has nothing. Jean Valjean’s reason for living dies and so does he. Cosette’s character moves around many times throughout the novel. She spends a portion of the book with her mother, Fantine, who could not take care of her. Cosette becomes the object of Fantine’s poverty. Their relationship also exposes us to the theme of the unfulfilled love, since Cosette cannot return Fantine’s love at such a young age.Cosette then goes to the Thenardier’s where she presents us to this evil family who beat and abuse her. When Jean Valjean takes her in, Cosette reveals a side of Jean Valjean that has not yet been exposed- his loving side. Jean Valjean loves Cosette and supports and protects her. Cosette is used in many ways throughout the novel and by many different characters. Although she never becomes a well-rounded character, she plays an important role in the development of the other characters. Cosette touches each character she comes in contact with and each in a distinct way.

Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Environment - Essay Example There are some few trucks available from the neighboring towns for hire that can be used to transport project materials. Besides, there are two major rail lines that pass near the village and can be of help (â€Å"Ewbchallenge,† 2014) It is very difficult to find land to build a project in the area. The land in Sandikhola is not even enough for the population to build good houses and shelter for their animals. The whole village is interconnected by narrow roads and paths between houses. There is hardly enough land for them to grow crops (â€Å"Ewb,† 2014). The weather in Sandikhola, Nepal is diverse. They range from cold summers to humid and hot summers. The residents are, for example, continuously looking for new building materials and techniques to withstand the rough weather conditions. The village is situated and surrounded by highlands. There are several valleys running through the village that drain to the two rivers in Nepal. The highlands are densely populated with trees of various species (Reynolds,

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 128

Essay Example The historians oppose this concept. They illustrate that cultural and demographic constraints resulted into generally restrained courtship approach. Contemporary writers during the period deplored sexual activities, which they believed were not only rampant but also widespread. The popular culture during courtship period was considered immoral (Robert 39). Parents had significant role during selection of marriage partners. The initial stage of parents’ involvement is when courtship is serious. The parents had the responsibility of providing of formally providing or withholding consent. However, parental consent was not a legal requirement until 1754. In reality it took a lot of courage and will for a couple to continue with their courtship, in the presence of strong and open opposition from the parents or other respectable community members. Parental approval was greatly considered a desirable issue. For poorer couple, parental involvement was majorly a formality. The rich parents had economic factors to consider before providing consent; for instance, inheritance, family reputation, and dowry (Keith 92). The England community showed less control system and more flexible approaches in terms of parental control during courtship and marriage, than other world communities. Courtship and marriage were affected negligibly according to social class. There is no adequate illustration of a sub-society, during the period under study in terms of marriage. But, the concept that societal limitations illustrated a huge aspect of the attitude of the society towards reproduction, courtship and marriage, was mainly influenced through individual attraction, status in society and age. The social class factor was a significant factor to consider if property and wealth was involved. It was in some cases very difficult to marry into a family that is of high status financially or even

Discussion 1 Week 6 "Comparing First-movers in Technology" Assignment

Discussion 1 Week 6 "Comparing First-movers in Technology" - Assignment Example 244). From the videos, it was evident that Intel’s development of the first microprocessor (Intel Free Press, 2011); while Microsoft’s software design enabled them to pioneer in this endeavor and assume a proactive stance in related technological developments (Microsoft, 2012). Moreover, Intel and Microsoft capitalized and reaped the following advantages: (1) captured the opportunity to â€Å"exploit network effects and positive feedback loops, locking consumers into its technology† (Hill & Jones, 2012, p. 244); (2) enabled establishment of brand loyalty; (3) generated substantial sales volume which eventually enabled economies of scale and learning effects; (4) enabled offering pricing strategies (switching costs); and (5) gained advanced knowledge on the pioneering experience (Hill & Jones, 2012). 2. From the first and second e-Activities, compare Intel’s and Microsoft’s strategies in terms of their ability to profit from innovation. Next, analyze the manner in which shifts in new technologies revolutionized the structure of the industry, increasing profitability and growth through global expansion. Provide a rationale to support your response. Intel’s strategies, when compared to Microsoft’s strategies in terms of abilities to profit from innovation were virtually on the same field. Through pioneering efforts, both Intel and Microsoft gained substantial market shares within their respective fields of endeavors. As such, the developed core competencies established significant competitive advantage that enabled them to retain leadership in these discoveries. Moreover, the manner in which shifts in new technologies revolutionized the structure of the industry, increasing profitability and growth through global expansion – more commonly known as technological paradigm shifts, affect both Intel and Microsoft. For example, cloud computing, which

The promotion of stroke and heart diseases Research Paper

The promotion of stroke and heart diseases - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Stroke and heart diseases are the third and the first reported diseases respectively that result in high death rate in both men and women in the United States of America. Additionally, they are considered to be the major widespread and high-cost diseases that most nations have to deal with. However, it is important for citizens to take the initiative in order to prevent these particular diseases. This is because these type of diseases can be easily prevented and thus reduce the death rates caused by the same. According to research, 33.6 % of a total number of deaths that occurred in the United States of America was as a result of either stroke or other forms of heart diseases. Statistics further indicate that 150,000 deaths that occurred in 2007 in American were individuals below the age of 65. Moreover, the aforementioned diseases not only cause death but also disability with more than 4 million cases in the United States has been cau sed by the same. Moreover, it can be pointed out that high death rates caused by both stroke and heart diseases are not the only problem these diseases. In 2010, the cost of treating these diseases was approximated to be $444 in the United States of America. Furthermore, the cost of treatment for these two diseases is approximately $1 for every $ 6 spent in treating other forms of illness in the United States of America. Therefore, treatment of both stroke and heart diseases impacts negatively on the funds and other resources of the country’s healthcare scheme.

Project Specification and Design Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Project Specification and Design Report - Essay Example For example, the risk affiliated with definite types of instrumentation making it non- workable to have the instrumentation established in an administrative center. this is the method that is used to decrease the entire quantity of corporal break, damage or hammering that consequences in an accidental failure. They may be in the appearance of supervising and direct procedures or more dependable operational processes, or merely by budding and carrying out plans to manage commotion usage.( Robert C. et al 2003 pg. 289) A risk dominance procedure that regards the contract variable of a wholesome risk from one festivity to another. For example, the buy of an indemnity plans, by which a precise risk of thrashing is approved from the customer to the insurance company. Other examples are cleaving to nontoxic articles in many declarations, legal agreement demands to offer assurance reporting for another party's assistance, and insurance. How to alleviate the threat: undertaking the lowest fee, display revisit on asset (ROI), put in cost with additional services, be paid for a headship position in your business, and recommend installment defrayals. How to alleviate the threat: present a test time to experiment the manufactured goods or service; illustrate even or close in a race or competition or comparison; come along with standard dealer lists; associate with existing dealer or generate premeditated alignments; and suggest level reduction in price. Professional risk. How will this conclusion have an effect on specialized position in the eyes of others, and how might vocation and individual improvement be exaggerated How to alleviate the threat: suggest customer recommendations and acknowledgments, propose an elevated level of data for decision-making, tutor aspects on how to advertise the clarification to higher administration, and meet up with all fundamental persons and decision-makers. Security plan to guarantee exchange of information: Concentrate on consequences, not chronologies. Even though it's frequently intelligent to extend to five year plan for

The Leaders Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Leaders Preparation - Essay Example (Zechariah 4:6). A Spiritual leader must remember that he does not operate on his agenda, but God's agenda. The six steps to leadership by Robert Clinton are important for development of effective leaders. This essay will discuss on the main points of "The Leader's Vision" In chapter four. All leaders must have a clear vision. The leader must be able to inspire people and articulate their vision to the followers. However, the most important question one must ask is, where does the vision come from Secular leaders look first to the past history and try to duplicate success. However, God rarely works the same way trice, therefore for a Spiritual leader this model of duplication may prove ineffective. Spiritual leaders should always rely on the Words of God and be sure that their vision is within the will of God. Spiritual leaders should learn to discern to understand God's vision. Christian views of strong leaders are in sharp contrast to world views. In the Gospel Christ demonstrates strength through weakness of people. The world view is one of human strength and human will. Jesus Christ focused on small groups and individuals. The world continues to look at large numbers of people equ ating to success, which stands in contrast to the teaching of Jesus Christ. The primary objective for all Christian Spiritual leaders is it to bring glory to God. The leader must operate as a vessel for the Holy Spirit to operate in, without the leader getting in the way of the will of the Lord. 15. This essay will discuss the main points of Chapter four "Natural and Spiritual Leadership". Li Hung Chang a leader in China said, "There are three kinds of people- those who are immovable, those who are movable, and those who move them." We as Spiritual leaders must realize that there is no such thing as a self-made Spiritual leader." (p28). Christian leaders are made and led by the Holy Spirit. However, people do need to have natural leadership skills. An effective leader does not happen at the moment of conversion. The leader must remember to not major in the minors, and become distracted by minute details. The leader should always have the ability to make clear and decisive decisions. Furthermore, they must be able to focus on priorities and understand his or her weakness. Jesus Christ said, "My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness." (2 Corinthians 12:7). Therefore, make decisions based on the strength and power of Jesus Christ. The final objective should be for his glory. 16. This essay will discuss the main points of chapter 5 "Can You Become a Leader" Many leaders in church today look for leaders based on prestige or education. However, Jesus ignored the world view of leaders. Jesus started with individuals who were untrained and without social prestige. For one to be an effective leader he or she must investigate their potential for leadership. A leader must remain calm in crisis and show restraint. A strong leader will be willing to listen to other views and handle criticism. Leaders should always think before speaking. People must have trust in their leaders; one misspoken word can decrease the credibility of the leader.

The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry Literature review

The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry - Literature review Example The essay "The Feasibility of Virtual Fitting Room in the Fashion Industry" explores Virtual Fitting Room, its Feasibility in the fashion. Technology, in the modern day business, transcends the use of online retail stores towards the use of mobile applications and sophisticated software. It is arguable that the virtual fitting room application is highly feasible in contemporary fashion business. The advent of fashion stores helped transform shopping, as customers would acquire access to products without visiting physical stores. These stores provide applications for carts and financial transaction. Online shopping has recently developed thereby threatening to replace traditional shopping in real shops. Some shoppers, however, still prefer real sopping to online shopping for notable cited reasons. To begin with, there are serious security concerns, as fraudsters establish sites for conning consumers. In addition, there are grave technical difficulties that some customers face while ma king transactions. For instance, remembering passwords is often one of the major technical issues that customers face. In spite of the online shopping development in fashion marketing, the issue of size and measure remains a great hindrance to online shopping. It is essential to highlight that size and fit are rarely standard across all brands. This leads to a significant amount of product returns thereby hindering sales and creating extra costs for retailers. The use of augmented reality directly solves this problem.

Discussion Forum510 #6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Forum510 #6 - Essay Example The basics of infection prevention and control entail determining the chances that a person may be infected and the modes that can facilitate its contraction. Furthermore, everyone is encouraged to take precautions in concern to all the typical safety measures and ways that the infection can be using to transmit; moreover, the criteria should have the application of risk management basics and processes. Decisively, any living organism ought to have a way of transmitting to and from different people and since an infection takes time before it is established health agencies are skeptical about the many dissimilar modes of transmission that there is (Marian 2012). The aspect of uncertainty calls for every standard precaution that begins from ensuring hygiene of the body but mostly hands and wearing personal protective equipment such as aprons/gowns, gloves, face and eye protective wear for almost every process. Apart from the basic safeguards, the situation also calls for additional safety measures regarding how one handles and disposes sharp objects, waste or linen; also, management of the working environment, politeness when coughing, and the ecological instruments or equipment require absolute salvaging. The third set, though equally significant set of precautions is on applying safety measures based on transmission and range from touching base, globule and airborne depending on the different symptoms and assumptions (Goodman 2005). The final phase of the standard and transmission based precautions is on dealing with eruption circumstances and multi-resistant organisms, and taking a risk management approach to all procedures through the use of therapeutic devices and proposed surgical procedures. After establishing the above processes, precautions and procedures, the health agencies leaders partake in management and clinical governance where different people are designated

Subject-Management Process Case Study Essay Example for Free

Subject-Management Process Case Study Essay This case is about Victor D’Cuhna, young executive who has joined to take charge of data processing cell. The main problems which were there in department are; there is no co-ordination between the employees due to lack of training and there is communication gap. D’Cuhna is keen of making changes immediately in the department and conducts seminar training session. D’Cuhna faces various problems during his change management, which were neglected by him and hence turns into failure. Case Analysis: Problems: * Immediate Implementation (Hasty decisions): D’Cuhna soon after joining started implementing change in the department like seminar on communication and feedback and training session. * Unable to connect and co-ordinate with his colleagues: Female sub-ordinates ignored his implementations, his senior management was also uncomfortable and his junior promoted officers also had negative prejudice. * No consent taken from higher management: He did not consider taking opinions of the regional head before firing the female employee. * Lack of formal training: Fresh recruits and junior clerk cadre were not formally trained. So, blame was always put on data processing cell in case of any discrepancies. Reasons for Failure: There are certain functions of a Manager which needs to be fulfilled like planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling and coordinating. D’Cuhna fulfilled few of the functions but failed to be efficient in some functions such as: †¢ Leading: He couldn’t influence most of the people in the department so that they can contribute work towards organizational goal as a group. †¢ Controlling: He couldn’t measure correct individual performance to ensure that events conform to plans. †¢ Co-ordination: He was unable to achieve harmony among individuals. †¢ Lack of Understanding: Improper communication and lack of understanding with sub-ordinates and seniors. Precautionary Steps: 1) As he was new to the office he should have first acquainted himself well with his peers, seniors and juniors. He should have spent some time in building understandability with them. 2) Before conducting seminars he should have taken the senior management into confidence by making them understand the loopholes in the process and why such seminars are required. 3) He should have tried to build a rapport with juniors as well by making them understand why they need training before imparting them the same. 4) He should have consulted the senior management and her immediate officer before firing the clerk. MINUTES OF MEETING Following is the minutes of meeting of the group discussion for this case let. †¢ Date Time: 30 January 2013, 05.30 pm to 7.00pm †¢ Members Participated: Following were the contribution of each member:- †¢ Prateek: He suggested that, D’Cuhna shouldn’t have made immediate changes to departments. †¢ Pallavi: He lacked leadership qualities highlighted the need of training. †¢ Prachi: Controlling co-ordination was missing, was suggested by her. †¢ Dinesh: Understanding employees was necessary to know the problem. †¢ Saugat: Suggested consulting with senior management was necessary before firing. †¢ Vikas: He misused the authority given to him did not make efforts to change opinion of the female employees.

Listening Distractions Essay Example for Free

Listening Distractions Essay Distractions are the divided attention of an individual or group from the chosen object of attention, onto the source of distraction. Distractions are caused by: the lack of ability to pay attention; lack of interest in the object of attention; or the great intensity, novelty or alertness of something other than the object of attention. Distractions come from both external sources and internal sources. â€Å"Art of Public Speaking† by Stephen E Lucas In this assignment I will focus on five listening distractions and effective ways to combat them. In order to become an effective speaker, it should be known that success comes from being an effective listener. By understanding barriers to listening the speaker can eliminate or reduce distraction prior to delivery of the speech. Some distractors are listed below. 1.Noise: Intrapersonal, Semantic and Situational a.Intrapersonal; this comes from a listener’s internal dialog, daydreaming, or focusing on their internal thoughts â€Å"day dreaming†. By listening to their internal speech, the listener will lose concentration on the speaker and miss points and topics of the speech. b.Semantic; these are words or phrases used by the speaker that my trigger a process of thought out of line with what the speaker intended. These â€Å"trigger† words are based on several different aspects of the audience’s make-up, from gender to ethnical or country of origin and religion. c.Situational; this is the physical noise distraction that may come from the design of the lecture hall, an open door or window that allows outside noise to enter, or the rustling noises associated with the audience, i.e. cell phones, coughing, side bar conversation. 2.Speaker Perception a.This is the perception the audience makes in reference to the speaker, how the speaker presents themselves, does the speaker use filler words such as, â€Å"umh† or â€Å"you know†. Does the speaker utilize a slow methodical pattern which bores the audience, calling into question the speaker’s intellect? 3.Self-Perceptions and Personal Biases a.Comprises anything that is a barrier to understanding the speaker’s message an includes egocentrism, Ethnocentrism, and dogmatism I. Egocentrism focuses on the self-centeredness and may limit the listener because of the feeling â€Å"this doesn’t pertain to me†, â€Å"I’ve already heard this message†, or â€Å" I am too important to be listening to someone like that† II.Ethnocentrism is based on the perception of because we don’t share a creed, color, or back ground, the speaker cannot understand the message from â€Å"my† point of view. Likewise the speaker focuses, or centers their speech in a manner that is ethnically limiting. III.Dogmatism the problem of holding opinions without questioning the validity or ethical value. Unquestioned opinions can lead to defensiveness or the attitude of, â€Å"I know it all† This behavior can cause the listener to take offense to the message the speaker is conveying. 4.Physical discomfort caused by poor seating, temperature, or length of the speech without break for restroom or smoke breaks. 5.Lack of interest the speaker has lost focus, changed topic without smooth transition, and maintains a monotone which in-turn shifts the listener’s attention. May also be due to the speaker’s lack of interest in the topic resulting in poor public speaking techniques. The key to contending with these distractions are to practice the speech, become comfortable with the topic, know how long the speech will last, film the practice session and identify personal traits that may cause distraction. Have someone listen to the speech to identify patterns or behaviors that may be offensive or controversial. Understand the message, what is the purpose of the speech; focus on the transition of thoughts and ideas to ensure a smooth process. Avoid monotone voice patterns unless it is an essential part of the delivery. Have fun with the topic, the speech and the audience. Before speaking conduct a walkthrough of the lecture hall, identify distractors and eliminate them or strategize how to overcome them. Bottom line, be prepared.

Employee Motivation As A Hotel Industry Factor Tourism Essay

Employee Motivation As A Hotel Industry Factor Tourism Essay Motivation of employees is not a new phenomenon, however very little attention paid to him.  The major and most successful companies are svjestne importance of human factors in their organization, but, unfortunately, is much more smaller and not so successful that profit only the vision, mission and sole objective.  Many people are not thinking and not thinking about ways to enable them to profit, and abuse of the man and his knowledge and skills has never been respected, nor will it.  Loss of employee loyalty is the result of failure to comply with the individuality of employees, their desires and needs. How important is the motivation of employees, particularly in the hotel industry, will be explained in the following presentation. For the poptpunije treatment given topic, will be given an adequate theoretical basis in the first part, where he will talk about motivation as a concept, the process of motivation, original and contemporary theories of motivation, usually applied motivatorima, link between employee motivation and human resource management, and related  between the employees motivation and leadership. The second part will be arguments about the specifics of the hotel product and the motivation of employees as a factor of success in the hotel industry. The third part will respond specifically to the given topic and show how a successful company, Hit Montegro, motivate employees in your hotel, Maestral, which gives an advantage, as the concept develops and determines the business and what this hotel stands out from all others, not only  in Montenegro, but also beyond. Part I theoretical foundation 1.  MOTIVATION definition, division, the process of motivation Motivation is a complex area of human behavior.  The term motivation comes from the Latin word moves, which means movere; move. Under the motivation we podrazumijevati sum of factors that influence people to behave in a certain way, and especially to invest a certain efforts to achieve or accomplish something. The economic system of business motivation is hidden inside the driving force behind overall economic pattern that connects and arranges the target all economic efforts and integrate them into one whole.  In the process, motivation is manifested as the main driving force of creation. Work motivation is a system of methods, procedures and actions which encourages, directs, and reinforces the behavior of certain employees, in order to realize a larger and more favorable results. Basic assumptions about the motivation: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is a positive people feel good only if they are motivated. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is one of the factors that influence the behavior of individuals.  Other factors: capacity, resources, working conditions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is always less than sufficient and should be periodically renewed.  Time can be lost. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivation is the means by which managers can relate to offices in the organization. Motivation can be: subjective and objective. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Subject motivation is defined in two forms: moral motivation of workers (conscience, responsibility, pride, ambition, knowledge, etc.). Materjalna and motivation (interest in the job, salary, stimulation, etc.).. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Objective motivation occurs at the level of the firm, on its reputation, strengthen, and similar recognition.  ie.  If you contribute to the reduction of the higher entropy of the system (firm). Speaking of motivation, we can not to speak about human needs.  The need is expressed through a lack of something and is associated with goals.  Therefore, the need is internal, external and objective aspects of motivation The process of motivation the process of meeting the individual needs of employees, consists of several stages: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees identify their needs which is what it lacks and what he wants to achieve? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Looking for ways to meet the needs deficiency creates a kind of anxiety, and he seeks a way to eliminate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ strives to achieve the goals which reduces the need à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ act appropriately à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To get the reward or punishment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Re-evaluates its needs Satisfaction is often in the literature and in empirical research identifies with the concept of motivation.  These two terms are certainly related in large measure are mutually conditional, but undoubtedly is to be different. Under the satisfaction of employees involves the subjective evaluation of the degree of satisfaction that derives from the personal assessment of their satisfaction with various aspects of belonging to the organization.  And so happy employees pijre primarily related to the perception of employees and the extent to which they met their motives and above all the motives that are perceived as important for their involvement.  Best illustrates the differences following chart: (motivation,result,satisfaction) Chart 1st  The difference between motivation and satisfaction Source: Developed author If you are motivated enough for the job you do, it will certainly affect your final performance.  After a job well done following the feeling of satisfaction. 2.  THEORIES OF MOTIVATION   A large number of theories of motivation which, in fact, complementary to one another.  The following table provides a list of major theories.   Table 1  Theories of motivation   Name Type theory theories theorist and /   Theories instrumentalnosti Tejlorizam Teylor (1911)   Theories content theory hijararhije needs Maslow (1954)   ERG Theory Alderfer (1972)   Managerial theories need McClelland (1973)   Two-factor model of Herzberg (1957)   Theory X and Y McGregor (1960)   Theories of goal setting process theory Latham and Locke (1979)   The theory of equality Adams (1965)   Theory expectations Vroom, Porter and Lawer (1964, 1968)   Learning theory Bandura (1977)   Source: Michael Armstrong, Armstrongs handbook of human resource management, 11th ed., Kogan Page, London, 2009, p.319   As you notice, there are three kinds of theories of motivation in which:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Theories instrumentalnosti belong to the original theory of motivation   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Theories of content are also in the original theory of motivation   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Theories are in the process of modern theories of motivation   Theories instrumentalnosti bazraju the attitude that people are motivated to work through reward and punishment.  One of the major theories instrumentalnosti is called.  Tejlorizam, which is named after its founder, Taylor, who wrote:   It is impossible for any extended period of time, to encourage their employees to work more than others, the ordinary that surround them, if you are not sure to check a large and permanent wage increases.   This theory is still widespread and can be successful under certain circumstances.  However, its use is ignored other human needs and disturb the relations among the employees.   Theories of content based on the attitude that people do to meet their needs.  As an important aside the following:   Hierarchy of needs theory (Maslow) in every human being there are five primary needs that meet the hierarchical order:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ physiological food, water, shelter and all.  bodily needs   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ security physical and emotional safety and protection   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Social belonging, love, friendship, acceptance by others   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ respect self-esteem, status in society, recognition of environmental   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ samoaktuelizacija development and progress, potential exploitation of personal fulfillment and inner satisfaction with them.   The first two groups are the needs of lower-order and meet the external mechanisms (salary), and the other three were of a higher order and satisfy the internal mechanisms (attitudes, values, expectations).  The role has motivatora Unmet needs, which, when it takes satisfy the needs.  This theory has not been verified numerous empirical studies and criticized because of too much generalization.  Namely, different people have different priorities and it is difficult to accept Maslovljevu hijararhiju needs.   ERG Theory (Alderfer) predicts three types of basic needs:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ existential needs the basic material necessary Poreba every man for life.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the need connection the desire of people for the realization of interpersonal relations   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ development needs the desire for personal development, training and advancing   Alderfer abolished the hierarchy of needs and claims that it can simultaneously satisfy multiple needs.  When it comes to frustration due to inability to meet the needs on one level, increases the desire to satisfy the needs of another and, often, lower level.   McClelandova theory of needs, the needs of managerial theory focuses on three types of needs:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ need for achievement striving for success and greater achievements in relation to existing standards.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the need for power the desire for influence and control over others.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the need for merging the desire to be loved and accepted by others.   This theory assumes that successful managers who have a high need for power and personal success without the desire for merging.   Two-factor model Motivation-hygiene theory (Herzberg) based on the assumption that the individual attitude of employees towards work determines success or failure of work.   Factors that influence job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are the following:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Motivatori related to the work itself (job, recognition, promotion) and meet the needs of the individual to prove their own.  These are the factors that cause lack of satisfaction to those that cause pleasure.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Kontestualni factors factors of working environment, environment, hygiene factors, which act as prevention to prevent dissatisfaction.  This is a set of factors than those that cause frustration to those who do not cause dissatisfaction.   On the positive motivation may affect only the first group, while another can only reduce dissatisfaction, but not increase satisfaction.   The opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction, but the lack of satisfaction, and vice versa.So, just motivatorni factors contribute to job satisfaction, and only factors contest discontent.   Theory X and Y (McGregor) starts from two different assumptions about human nature: the negative X-and Y-positive.   Theory X assumes that the behavior of employees Guided needs of lower order.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees do not like to work and izbjegavaĆ¡e work whenever possible   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ must be force to work under the threat of punishment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ avoid responsibility and seek precise directives from their bosses   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They have little ambition and their safety comes first   Theory Y assumes that the behavior of employees Guided needs a higher order:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees understand the business as a natural need for such leave   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dedicated to the tasks and training   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ They are ready to accept responsibility   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ are able to make decisions and they need povjeravati responsible and challenging jobs.   Theories of the process (the modern theory) focus on the psychological processes that affect motivation.  Process theories are certainly more useful to managers of the theories of motivation because it gives concrete instructions for the application of motivational methods.   The theory of goal setting (Latham and Locke) motivate employees three mechanisms:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Specific and clearly set goal difficult but achievable attainable, because it is in human nature and the need to prove self.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Feedback on achieving set targets people want to be informed of how well that worked and the results achieved.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participation of employees in setting goals increases their motivation, efficiency and confidence.   Equity theory (Adams) one in the organization expects that efforts to win the same prize as well as his colleagues who performed the same job.   When employees believe that they made wrong comes to the creation of tension (not so much effort into the entrance of their work as before, consider that spend too much time, give notice).     Expectations theory (Vroom, Porter and Lawer) developed a situational model of motivation that explains why one and the same person makes various efforts in different situations.  Vroom argued that there are two factors that determine the effort that employees invest in their work, the first the value of individual awards that would enable them to meet their needs related to security, autonomy, samoaktuelizaciju, and another the likelihood that the amount of awards depend, in fact,  of individual effort.   Porter and Lawer complement this theory and created a new model where the motivation will, in addition to the effort, the final performance of the employees affected and: knowledge and skills and the expected role (what employees want to work and what is expected of them to work).   Chart 1st  Motivation Model Porter and Lower   Source: Michael Armstrong, Armstrongs handbook of human resource management, 11th ed, Kogan Page, London, 2009, p.326   Learning theory (Bandura) emphasis is on learning to adapt behavior.  Behavior which withdraws the award will be repetitive, and it pulls you avoid penalty.  The consequences of past behavior influence the future actions of employees.  Model behavior of employees is reflected in the following: a stimulus response a result future reactions.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managers can influence employees to change behavior: support, avoidance, lack of support, or punishing, with respect to some rules:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Do not reward all equally, but the performance   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clearly tell people what to do to be rewarded   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Be sure to tell what sins   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Do not punish the others   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Be fair.   3.  Employees motivation and human resource management   Link between employee motivation and human resource management best illustrated in the following diagram.   Chart 3rd  The influence of individual effectiveness in human resource management   Source: Robert Mathis and John Jacson, Human Resource Management, 11th ed, Thomson South-Western, USA, 2008, p.81   From the individual, negovih knowledge and skills, motivation and support they receive from the company you work for, and the nature of the business depends on the job satisfaction, employee loyalty to the company, productivity, quality and service.   The above variables are used for measuring the effectiveness of human resource management.   Namely, if the employee is not motivated enough, it will first be reflected in his performance, then all other variables, so therefore the effectiveness of human resource management be in the lower level, and vice versa.   4.  MOTIVATORI   Motivatori are things that come to pojedninca activities or methods which can reconcile the conflicting needs or to emphasize a need in the way that it is assigned priority over other needs. They are the kind of instruments that would strengthen the desire for some achievement, and beyond that to achieve satisfaction, and the means through which to influence the behavior of people.  Motivatori most commonly used are:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Money   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Security of employment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ allocation of interesting tasks   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The public attribution of merit   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The possibility of training   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The possibility of progress   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participation in decision-making   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The quality of working environment   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ self etc..   5.  Employees motivation and leadership   Using different motivatora to successful motivation of employees in the first row is determined motivacijiskim abilities or samomotivacijom manager.  Namely, the concept of motivation is closely linked to the notion of leaders, team leaders, organizations, companies.  A leader in 21.v.  primarily motivator.  Howard Gardner, professor at Harvard in his work, Leading Minds: An Anatomy of Leadership defines leaders:   The leader is rarely more individuals, or individuals who significantly influence the thoughts, feelings and / or behavior of a large number of individuals.   On the other hand, the great leaders of today were not in their positions that they did not have strong enough motivation to constantly improve and successfully build your career.   One of the greatest leaders of all time, Napoleon Bonaparte was said:   Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal   Leadership = MOTIVATION   LEADER = motivator   PART II employees motivation as a factor of success in a hotel INDUSTRY   Advance one that gives a little more and a little better.   Ellsworth Statler (1863 1928)   One of the founders of hotel industry, Ellsworth Statler, the success achieved by the introduction of standards in their hotels, which could provide better quality services at a reasonable price.  He was a great innovator and racionalizator.  The first is to realize the importance of hotel staff: their looks (introduced uniforms), behavior (introduced a Code of Conduct) and knowledge (he founded the Foundation for Education of catering professionals and scientists, and financial help today in the world famous university education hotel administration and hotel management  Cornell Hotel School, Itaca, New York).  Stimulate the workers, allowing the purchase of shares of any hotel in a certain amount, with the allowance of the salary.   In addition to the above sentence, which with strong reasons, the author opens his presentation, he often spoke to employees: The guest is always right!  He pays you and me!    It is clear that the hotel industry has developed precisely for reasons to satisfy the needs and desires of the guest and can not in any case to ignore its importance.  However the question of whether the guest is still a key link in the hotel in 21.vijeku?   Let us start from the well-known marketing concepts:   Needs, requirements, desires and satisfaction of guests in the first place!   Prove that the set theory valid.   Hotel is primarily obliging activity and as such has its own specifics that arise from the specific characteristics of services in relation to the products.  And they are:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ intangibility,   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ indivisibility an integral part of its consumer services, ie.  consumer a guest of the hotel.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Kvarljivost services can not be stored, empty hotel facilities can not be compensated by good or excellent popunjenoÃ…Â ¡Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬ ¡u in the following time period.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Variability conditioned by the fact that the subjective factor or a factor crucial for the quality of the man of realization.  The service is Neponovljiva, such as the role of actor in theater boards, it can be on the high level of quality that satisfies customers, but never all the elements in the process of delivery and consumption can no longer repeat.  Simultaneity consumption and provision of services through the interaction of both sides creates a unique atmosphere.   Psycho-physical characteristics of the service providers can significantly cause satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the consumer, regardless of technical, organizational and technological quality of the service segments.  Because of this, the focus quality is transferred to vrÃ…Â ¡itelje services, catering and hotel management staff.  It is important to determine the quality of standards (rules which determine the elements of quality staff in the hotel: the knowledge, skills, experience, appearance, behavior ).  But not enough to meet the standards to achieve competitive advantage in a very turbulent market, what is a tourist.  Guest looking for something more!  Guest search experience!  And this is one of the leading trends that says UNWTO Change from Service to expirience!  Interior, exterior, luxury, luxury, artificial smile   are no longer of crucial importance.  The main trump card of successful hotel in 21.v.  man.   Employees are in the hotel, you love your job and you are satisfied with the performance that you provide?  Masters the necessary skills and knowledge?  As guests, we will see, feel, that to enjoy and of course, be back again, but this time with hrpom friends!   We conclude:   The guest is satisfied if the providers of content services.   These reject the thesis that the home needs, requirements, desires and satisfaction RATING in the first place!  Already perform a new conclusion:   Needs, requirements, desires and satisfaction of employees are in the first place.   And from the above results:   Satisfied employees = employees motivated?   And just the motivation of employees is a key factor for success in all spheres of social life and work, especially in idnustriji hotel where guest satisfaction largely depends on the satisfaction of employees in the hotel.  Sometimes it is possible and the big technical flaws nadomjestiti beautiful gestures of employees, but the latest and most expensive technology, luxury and grandeur can not nadomjestiti unkindness and coldness of the staff will (not) was available during your stay.   A hotel company to motivate its employees, we will see the following example.   PART III practical EXAMPLE   6.MOTIVACIJA EMPLOYEES AS A FACTOR success HOTEL MAESTRAL   Is the set theoretical foundation found application in the local hotel industry?   The answer we seek in the hotel Mistral and also reveal why years ago Hit Montenegro, which owns the hotel, the leading company in the tourist market in Montenegro and beyond.   Hotel Mistral (hereinafter only the mistral or a hotel) do not have much to present.  Just the name tells us a lot.   Mistral is the son of a very good, very good, the luxury, prestige.  Accordingly, you will always be able, during your stay at the hotel, meet many people who have reached their professions so.  Top of the pyramid.   Question: Why?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when only the hotel building, its exterior, interior and not drawn luxury?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when the accommodation units (rooms) in general are not so large that guests can enjoy?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when the rooms still no plasma TVs?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when all the rooms still have Internet access?   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Why, when a cup of coffee exude more humility than the refinement?   But the most important issue only follows:   Why, despite the above, all hotel guests coming back again, even for the same amount of money can get a spacious room, more beautiful towels ?   Answer:   Because they are satisfied with experience and treatment given to them in the hotel!   Because unlike other hotels, the hotel Mistral has a soul.   Soul Maestral make its employees, whereby it is important to emphasize all employees of higijeniÄ arke to Executive Director.   We arrive to a new thesis:   Guests of the hotel Mistral are satisfied.   Return to the thesis of the previous section:   The guest is satisfied if the providers of content services.   Satisfied employee = motivated employee!   With certainty we can conclude:   Staff at the hotel Mistral motivated.   The aforementioned conclusion shall be taken as a starting point the thesis that the next exposure to be adequately argued.   7.  BUSINESS STRATEGY   As evidence that the employees, their motivation, but considerations when creating a strategy, defining the vision, mission and strategic goals, the next presentation will be separated only fragments of importance for this work.   Business idea of the company as follows:   With knowledge, marketiÃ…Â ¡kim thinking and professional approach we offer a high level of service and make good business results in the hotel complex, which allows our guests accommodation, dice, entertainment, recreation, enogastronomske pleasures and good conditions for business activities.   Objectives and plans of the hotel were based, and today is based, among others the following setting:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ attractiveness, innovation, expertise, kindness, and create nadstandarnom offer the advantage ahead of the competition and achieve the return of guests   One of the very high goals and requirements that the company has set before him as follows:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the company offers full-time staff employment, adequate wages, the possibility of development, education, training and career   High standard and the company has set a vision and high expectations of the management company and some of them are:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hotel Mistral house will be satisfied, creative, motivated and professionally competent staff, which will continually increase revenues, value additions and visit hotels.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hotel Mistral will represent one of the pearls of the tourist offer of Montenegro and as such would represent an example of successful investments in tourism to the satisfaction of owners, employees, narrower and wider community.   In accordance with the above specified, the company is set by among others the following strategic objectives:   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ permanent investment in staff development (knowledge, motivation, affiliation)   8.  COMPANY ETHICS   Nowadays the competitiveness of the organization, its reputation, and thus its business success are inseparable from ethics.  It can be said that ethics is the foundation of successful companies and management that relies on trust.  Companies in which the rule of justice and fairness are often companies that respect ethical principles.  A way that employees see a significant impact on the fairness of the organization.  Sense of fairness is associated with greater commitment to employees, the higher degree of satisfaction, which is based on the organization, business, leaders, and conduct that reflects a sense of belonging to the company. This company is exactly Hit Montenegro.  Mistral its reputation gained primarily fostering the right values and good application of the Code of Ethics.   It may sound contradictory, if we note that the largest part of the profits from the casino collected mistral.  But I do not need much pojaÃ…Â ¡njavati.  Ask one why casino players will soon decide to invest their money in Maestralov casino, and not in another, perhaps better equipped.   The answer lies in business ethics, codes of ethics and employees who implement.   Working in such an environment, where you know you will not mislead anyone, where all will be as clear as day, is really a big driver of your energy, you surely will not spare to spend in the job at hand.   9.  Strict LABOR LAW   Professionalism in the hotel Mistral is reflected, inter alia, in strict compliance with the law on paper.  It can happen that you start work, and that you are not previously signed a contract with the employer.   FasciniraĆ¡e you the following story from practice: Seasonal worker came fully prepared, just in time to his position for the first time.  That day was supposed to sign the contract.  Through the half-hour lawyer appeared with the words: Excuse me please, now I saw that the director did not sign a contract, and is absent.  Can you come tomorrow he comes today and the contract will be ready in the morning?  Sorry again, but I think its wrong to do, and do not have a signed contract, you agree?  Of course.    The said employee is satisfied on the first day that really work for professionals, as his nagovjeÃ…Â ¡tavali earlier.   Further.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Iplata monthly benefits to all employees every fifteenth of the month.  Deviations were not, and theres not likely that delayed payments to employees or not that month, expressed with one decimal digit, is 0.1%.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ UraÄ unaĆ¡e you and overtime work, night work, work during the holidays, work on Sundays.You and paid travel expenses and meals at the hotel.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If you are a seasonal worker, you will be provided accommodation in nearby hotels.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Paid you life and health insurance.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business book you filled and safe.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ You have two free days a week and the right to annual leave and the right to paid sick leave.   à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ All your rights foreseen by the law on work, safety and employment contract have been met at every opportunity.   SloÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡ete is that rare company in Montenegro, especially in the hotel, which apply this system work, which, logically, employees fully responsible.  And this is one more reason to stay in Maestral and not iznevjere trust.   10.  Fee and gratuity   Results of the survey, which was conducted a few years ago one of the employees in the hotel Mistral, showed that approximately 70% zaposelnih declared that their main motive for work is not salary.   However, should podcijenjivati importance of monetary compensation.  Bearing in mind that the hotel has a high occupancy rate throughout the year, and that primarily comes to the casino hotel, the hotel employees are well paid, which gives a good basis for the investment of additional effort and better results.   Wages are not only monetary income of employees in the hotel.  From two to three times a year all employees have a raise, as a form of additional stimulus.   If your job requires direct contact with guests, it is quite certain that you will leave a tip, which can sometimes be higher than your monthly salary.  It is understood that you will not get a tip if you have left a negative impression on the guests, whether your neljubaznoÃ…Â ¡Ãƒâ€žÃ¢â‚¬ ¡u or non-professionalism.  But, as you care to maintain good relations with colleagues, you share tips.This is one of nepisanih rules and actually proved successful in practice.  At the end of the day you and your associates happy.   11.  OTHER BENEFITS   Public represents an important part of almost every employee compensation and they are determined as indirect monetary or non-pecuniary compensation that employees receive because they continue to work for the company.  The financial compensation was the word in the previous chapter, and that all the Mistral provides more benefits to their employees we will see from the next exposure.   The last two years for the new year, all employees had the opportunity to do a certain period of use by one Thai massage.  All employees have certain discounts at partner hotels, Montenegro Airlines.  Fee in the union, two times a year to receive packages with food.  Union also provides benefits in some hotels during the winter / summer months.   12.  STAND MANAGER TO EMPLOYEES   Peter Drucker says, They are not workers, they are people. A manager should be treats people with dignity is respect.   Already during the introduction to your superiors conclude that the word of professionals who know their job well and who is ready to help and to teach.  Through a friendly conversation, in his office, in the conference room or an aperitif in the bar, we introduce the vision, m